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Calculating machine built by Blaise Pascal in 1642 when he was only 19 years old. His calculator could perform addition and subtraction, but not the non linear operations of multiplication and division. (Photo: IBM)

Blaise Pascal The Pascalene 1642

Jacquard Loom

Early 1800’s

(stored program concept)

Automated loom of Joseph Marie Jacquard. Holes punched in the cards, according to a desired pattern, allowed rods to come down and, using pulleys, pull up threads of warp yarn, so that when the loom's shuttle passed through, it went over some threads and under others. The device was an immediate success, and by 1812 there were more than 11,000 Jacquard looms in France. (Photo: IBM)

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Remaining part of Jacquard Loom at Philadelphia University